Illegal Immigration In The United States :: Immigration and Politics

Why does the issue of immigration divide American opinions when the United States is a country built by immigrants? The online encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org defines immigration to the United States as "the permanent movement of foreigners to the United States." This online encyclopedia also states that immigration to the United States has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout American history." In order to establish an objective and well thought out viewpoint on this very sensitive subject, I thought it would be best to discuss as many different viewpoints as possible. However, my research indicates that is seems like everyone in the United States and abroad has his or her own stance. So I will limit this discussion to two viewpoints; they are as follows: • Those who oppose illegal immigration and want the immigrants to be forced back to their originating countries. • Those who oppose illegal immigration but would prefer that illegal immigrants that reside within the United States are granted citizenship options. There are obviously quite a number of people that are opposed to illegal immigration. In order to witness this reality today, all you really have to do is turn on your TV and search for a news channel that is covering current politics. You will definitely hear something in reference to the current issue of illegal immigrants within the United States as well as numerous videos or images of activists protesting or supporting the residential status of immigrants within the United States today. No decision has been made on what will happen to the millions of illegal immigrants that currently reside in the United States, but I am sure that the heated debate will become more heated when presidential elections occur. I think this will be the ultimate driving factor for a decision on what will happen with the illegal immigration issue we are witnessing today. There are numerous reasons why people oppose immigration. Some have antiracially motivated objectives. They simply reject imm igrants because of racist notions. Another reason why people opposed both legal and illegal immigration is because they believe that the population levels will increase severely, which will ultimately cause joblessness and an increase in famine and crime within the United States.(1) These reasons are more socioeconomically related. One could say the ultimate reason is due to fear of a negative impact at an individual level as well as a deteriorating environment.

The presentation of individuals and society in the novel, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Choose two extracts from the novel and use them as a basis for your discussion of one of the following topics: 1. The ways in which places and settings are used in the novel; 2. The presentation of individuals and society in the novel; 3. Stevenson's methods of developing tension and a sense of horror in the novel. For the purposes of my analysis, I have chosen option two: The presentation of individuals and society in the novel. The two extracts that I have chosen for the analysis are: Utterson's first meeting with Mr. Hyde and his subsequent description of him (in the chapter The Search for Mr. Hyde) and an excerpt from the last chapter Henry Jekyll's full statement of the case. In this essay, I am going to discuss how Stevenson presents the individuals and the society in the novel. In order to make a clear interpretation, I am going to be using the novel as well as my background knowledge of the time and context in which the novel was set. I will also review Stevenson's experiences, which might have led to the creation of the story. Firstly, I will examine the society presented by Stevenson in this novel. The entire story revolves around the upper/middle class. There are only hints of other social classes in the form of workers and servants, employed by the rich people. The four main characters of the play have much in common; they are all rich, well-educated and professional men: Utterson is a lawyer; Enfield is a well known man around the town, showing his popularity. Lanyon and Jekyll are both doctors, which shows their high professional status. Another trait that all these men have in common is, they are all cold and distant yet likable. Also, they are all un-married. Below is an extract from the book, outlining Mr. Utterson's personality: Mr. Utterson the lawyer was a man of rugged countenance, that was never lighted by a smile; cold†¦backward in sentiment†¦ and yet somehow lovable. Another interesting fact regarding the novel is, not one of the main characters is a woman, this shows the nature of the society. The society at the time was a male-dominated one. Some have argued that this gives the novel an empty feel. Readers agree that, the severe lack of women from the settings creates unease in the novel, which can be felt slightly. This particular writing trait that Stevenson employs can be linked back to his own childhood, Stevenson had a strong father figure and thus, the imbalance in sexes is noticeable in the writing. In the novel itself, each of the characters face a varying dilemma. Utterson seems at peace with the world and doesn't want a wife whereas, Jekyll seems to change into Hyde because he is sexually frustrated. Jekyll is one character who would be content with a wife. Here, another flaw in the society seems visible; Stevenson's subtle language sets up the male-only society in order to push Jekyll into becoming Hyde. Stevenson exasperates Jekyll and through his tactical writing, he also thoroughly entertains the readers. The main character of the novel seems to be Mr. Utterson. Stevenson writes the novel from Utterson's perspective, events of the novel and the story-line itself is viewed through Utterson's eyes. For example, when the reader first learns about Hyde, it is from Utterson's detailed description. Automatically, the reader then perceives Hyde as Utterson does. The readers are also inclined to feel the same emotions Utterson feels regarding Hyde: †¦the hitherto unknown disgust, loathing and fear in which Mr. Utterson regarded him (Hyde). The interesting factor is that Utterson is never the narrator of the proceedings in the novel. However, he is always involved in some way, even in the scenes where he has no direct role. Another interesting factor is that even though Stevenson doesn't employ Utterson as the narrator, he tailors him with narrator like features: he is calm, considerate and usually emotionless. Stevenson uses him to great effect towards the end, he surprises the readers by turning the passive character of Utterson, suddenly into an active member of the novel. The author reveals the other side of Utterson's character as being decisive and strong, and this allows the reader to be further interested in the novel: I must and shall see you†¦ if not by fair means than by foul – if not of your consent, then by brute force! Another key character in the novel is Dr. Lanyon. He is only thrust into action when Hyde goes to visit him. Stevenson heightens the drama of the story by not allowing Lanyon to confide his experiences to Utterson and the readers. The reader is made desperate to know what Lanyon refers to as: it could kill a man by its mere presence. The reader later gathers that he is referring to Hyde. After Lanyon watches Hyde transform to Jekyll, Lanyon's whole demeanour changes to a dying man, but he never reveals the cause for his sudden ill-health: I have had a shock and I shall never recover. It is a question of weeks†¦ There could be two possible reasons why Lanyon doesn't reveal the truth; he may believe that by divulging the details he may tarnish the old friendship between himself and Dr. Jekyll. However, this reason doesn't seem very likely because the friendship between the two was long lost. Below is a perfect example, showing that the friendship is long gone (Jekyll's thoughts about Lanyon): †¦that hide-bound pedant, Lanyon, at what he called my scientific heresies. The second simpler reason could be that, Lanyon believes even if he did divulge any details, people would not believe his claims. He is worried that he may be labelled a lunatic, and obviously wants to avoid that predicament. Stevenson has used masterly language in order to construct the characters of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. His language clearly conveys them as two separate people yet it also outlines the gigantic difference between them. Early on in the story, Jekyll informs the readers about his theory regarding Hyde: Man is not truly one but truly two. Throughout the novel, Stevenson conveys Hyde as the lower instinct and id form of Jekyll. The author wants the readers to believe that Hyde is a selfish, animal side of Jekyll. This strange phenomenon could be linked back to Stevenson's childhood. In that circumstance Stevenson being the mischievous child representing Hyde and Stevenson's father being upstanding and respected, representing Jekyll. Hyde also seems to rebel with Jekyll like Stevenson did with his father. Stevenson wanted to be an author, but his father was against such a career but Stevenson became one anyway: Jekyll had more than a father's interest; Hyde had more than a son's indifference. To make the novel a success, the foundations must be strong; this relies on the fact that the reader perceives Jekyll and Hyde, as Stevenson wants him to. The author wants the characters to be completely different, yet be the same person, and to convey this Stevenson uses descriptive language: (Jekyll) Every mark of capacity and kindness†¦ AND A large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty†¦ On the other hand, there is a stark appearance between Jekyll's description and Hyde's: (Hyde) He had borne himself with a murderous mixture of timidity and boldness AND There was something wrong with his appearance; something displeasing, something downright detestable. Now as we can understand from the above quotations, Stevenson uses alliteration to convey the descriptions of both the characters. Some examples are- downright detestable; murderous mixture. This vivid language leads the reader to believe in Jekyll and Hyde. The author conveys Hyde as being completely opposite of Jekyll, even through the name. Hyde is a monster hidden within Jekyll. The more dramatic interpretation would be conveyed as a struggle between good and evil. It seems clear that Hyde is always present in Jekyll: at the start of the novel he just hasn't been released and thus, Jekyll had complete control of the situation. The problem arises when Jekyll starts taking the metamorphic potion; at this point Hyde emerges and begins to take control. It's clear that Hyde gains strength from the actions of Jekyll; this point is further enhanced if the reader concentrates on Hyde's appearance. Hyde doesn't seem to be a tall person, and thus his character is not strong enough to challenge Jekyll. However, Hyde's continued nourishment through Jekyll's weaknesses means that eventually Hyde becomes increasingly potent: The balance of my nature might be permanently overthrown†¦ and the character of Edward Hyde become irrevocably mine. This revelation proves that, the metamorphic potion is truly a changing potion, it reverts Jekyll to a weaker character of Hyde. Once Jekyll starts taking the potion, the characters of Jekyll and Hyde become vague and unclear: it even seems that both the characters want to be separate. An example of that is when Jekyll refers to Hyde as him not I. From Jekyll's language it seems that Hyde is no longer a part of Jekyll but someone else. Finally, Jekyll explains that the character of Hyde is completely different; in a sense Jekyll lets Hyde do whatever he pleases, without the fear of consequences or society: †¦ the liberty, the comparative youth, the light step, leaping pulses and secret pleasures that I had enjoyed in the disguises of Edward Hyde. Thus, the position of Hyde in the novel is grotesque and mysterious. He stands apart from the rest of the society; he is ugly, disturbing and unlovable. So, Jekyll is able to enjoy two positions in the society, one being in the centre and the other being on the extreme edge. In conclusion, Stevenson conveys both his own rebelling and then escaping aspects in the novel. Stevenson rebelled by roaming the streets of Edinburgh at night and then escaped to Samoa. Stevenson also constructs the society to an odd proportion, by placing no women in it; this seems to reflect a classical hypocritical Victorian society. However, throughout the novel the atmosphere seems to be perfect for the Jekyll/Hyde situation and thus, makes the novel a fantastic read.

The First African-American Church in the U.S.

The African Methodist Episcopal Church, also called AME Church, was established by the Reverend Richard Allen in 1816. Allen founded the denomination in Philadelphia to unite African-American Methodist churches in the North. These congregations wanted to be free from white Methodists who historically had not allowed African-Americans to worship in desegregated pews.   As founder of the AME Church, Allen was consecrated  as its first bishop. The AME Church is a unique denomination in the Wesleyan tradition--it is the only religion in the western hemisphere to develop from the sociological needs of its members. It is also the first African-American denomination in the United States. God our Father, Christ our Redeemer, Man our Brother —David Alexander Payne Organizational Mission Since its establishment in 1816, the AME Church has worked to minister to the needs--spiritual, physical, emotional, intellectual and environmental--of people. Using liberation theology, the AME seeks to help those in need by preaching the gospel of Christ, providing food for the hungry, providing homes, encouraging those who have fallen on hard times as well as economic advancement, and providing employment opportunities to those in need. The History of the AME Church In 1787, the AME Church was established out of the Free African Society, an organization developed by Allen and Absalom Jones, who led African-American parishioners of St. Georges Methodist Episcopal Church to leave the congregation because of the racism and discrimination they faced. Together, this group of African-Americans would transform a mutual aid society into a congregation for people of African descent. In 1792, Jones founded the African Church in Philadelphia, an African-American church free from white control. Desiring to become an Episcopal parish, the church opened in 1794 as the African Episcopal Church and became the first black church in Philadelphia. However, Allen wanted to remain Methodist and led a small group to form the Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1793. For the next several years, Allen fought for his congregation to worship free from white Methodist congregations. After winning these cases, other African-American Methodist churches  that were also encountering racism wanted independence. These congregations to Allen for leadership. As a result, these communities came together in 1816 to form a new Wesleyan denomination known as the AME Church. Before the abolition of slavery, most AME congregations could be found in Philadelphia, New York City, Boston, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Washington D.C. By the 1850s, the AME Church had reached San Francisco, Stockton, and Sacramento. Once slavery ended, the AME Churchs membership in the South increased tremendously, reaching 400,000 members by 1880 in states such as South Carolina, Kentucky, Georgia, Florida, Alabama and Texas. And by 1896, the AME Church could boast membership on two continents--North America and Africa--as there were churches established in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and South Africa. AME Church Philosophy The AME Church follows the doctrines of the Methodist Church. However, the denomination follows the Episcopal form of church government, having bishops as religious leaders. Also, since the denomination was founded and organized by African-Americans, its theology is based on the needs of people of African descent. Early Notable Bishops Since its inception, the AME Church has cultivated African-American men and women who could synthesize their religious teachings with a fight for social injustice. For example,  Benjamin Arnett addressed the 1893 Worlds Parliament of Religions, arguing that people of African descent have helped develop Christianity.  Additionally,  Benjamin Tucker Tanner wrote, An Apology for African Methodism in 1867 and The Color of Solomon in 1895. AME Colleges and Universities Education has always played an important role in the AME Church. Even before slavery was abolished in 1865, the AME Church began establishing schools to train young African-American men and women. Many of these schools are still active today and include senior colleges Allen University, Wilberforce University, Paul Quinn College, and Edward Waters College; junior college, Shorter College; theological seminaries, Jackson Theological Seminary, Payne Theological Seminary and Turner Theological Seminary. The AME Church Today The AME Church now has membership in thirty-nine countries on five continents. There are currently twenty-one bishops in active leadership and nine general officers who oversee various departments of the AME Church.

The Causes and Signs of Domestic Violence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 997 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Domestic Violence Essay Did you like this example? Domestic violence is a destructive issue that is very common and affects many Americans today. Abuse can occur in heterosexual couples and in gay or lesbian relationships as well. These actions can occur within all ages, all ethnic backgrounds, and all income levels. Domestic violence has no boundaries when it comes to personal features. It is disastrous for the batterer and the battered. Abuse is a tragic occurrence and can be fatal. One in four women are abused by their partner and nearly more than 10 million people are abused every year. There are multiple types of domestic violence including physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological /emotional abuse, intimidation, verbal abuse, and economic abuse. These are all serious forms of abuse and do not overpower one another. Domestic violence is any consistent violent or aggressive behavior towards another person that takes place within the home, this effects couples, siblings, parents, or any other people that live within the home. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Causes and Signs of Domestic Violence" essay for you Create order The cause of domestic violence could be unknown, or the person may just feel the need to control the other person because they are better. Abuse can affect anyone including, babies, little kids, teenagers, young adults, women, men, and elderly women/men, however women are proven to be affected the most. Many sources state that the abuser may feel the need to control the other person due to lack of self-esteem, serious jealousy issues, difficulties in regulating anger, psychological disorders, or other strong emotions. People could have mental illnesses that cause them to think as if they are inferior the other person such as bipolar disorder, depression, psychopathy, narcissism, PTSD, or undiagnosed personality disorders. More than 57 million people in the United States (18 and older) suffer from a mental illness. Over 50% of women who live with a mental illness have previously experienced some sort of trauma such as physical or sexual abuse (either during childhood or adulthood), (Trauma). However, there are multiple types of abusive behavior including coercion, isolation, intimidation, economic prevention, or use of children (threatening to take them away, using visitation for other reasons, criticizing the others way of parenting). Children who grew up in homes containing violence, often develop PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) due to the trauma. Post-traumatic stress disorder may last months or possibly years, symptoms may include extreme nightmares, sleep paralysis, intense flashbacks, anxiety, or a constant depressed mood. It typically affects people within the ages of 19 and older. These people learn to treat women with little respect and handle their anger in violent ways, which makes domestic abuse more common and repetitive. It is often passed down through generations. Alcohol and drugs can also contribute to this behavior. A drunk or high person is less likely to control their violent actions towards their partner/victim. People may act like this and have this behavior because it is meant to scare, physically harm, or control the other person. However, some religions believe that abuse is just and okay. The followers of these religions believe that they have the right to control their partner and that women are not equal to men. Some religions still practice human sacrifice. They believe it is okay to kill people and animals for God. People also learn from others in the community or any other cultural influences as they grow up. Violence in a home doesnt only affect the people in the home but the others around too. It sets an example for children that these actions are okay and acceptable behavior. They may view these actions are normal and causing no harm. Studies prove that harmful behavior is caused by interaction of situational and individual factors. This meaning, abusers inherit these actions from family members growing up, and some abusers will even admit they witnessed abuse in their community or home growing up. The denomination could be in the form of sexual, emotional, or physical abuse. However, no cause of the violence justifies the action or makes it in any way acceptable. Domestic violence often escalates from verbal threats, arguing and verbal fights to violence. There are ways to gather whether you or someone else may be suffering from domestic violence at home. Abuse could begin with behaviors such as possessiveness, name calling, threats, or distrust. The abuser may apologize after fights profusely and claim it was out of love and not intended to hurt the person. Some abusive tendencies include accusing the victim of cheating, telling the victim they cant do anything right, showing jealousy over the victims family and friends, embarrassing/shaming the victim, controlling every penny they spend, forcing or pressuring the victim to take drugs or alcohol, threatening to hurt, kill, or take away their children, or intimidation with weapons such as guns and knives. Dominance, humiliation, isolation, threats, intimidation, denial and blame are common signs of domestic violence as well. Domestic violence isnt always physical violence. Emotional or psychological abuse can be just as worse and even more severe than physical violence. Often examples of physical violence are hitting, slapping, strangling, kicking, pushing, biting, and engaging in forced sexual acts. Unfair blame put on the victim is very common in violent relationships. This could lead to emotional abuse; common examples are making someone feel mentally insane and crazy and causing them to blame themselves for the abuse. The violence doesnt always end when the victim escapes the abuser or tries to seek help. Overall, Domestic violence is a problem that needs to be emphasized and there are ways that we can try and prevent this from reoccurring. Stated in the text above, there are many causes of domestic violence, some being preventable and some you cannot do anything about prior to. However, doing thigs such as discovering mental illnesses and reporting suspicious behavior when you see it, could save someones life. Domestic violence is any behavior that the purpose is to gain power and control over another person in a relationship. These actions can lead to horrible things such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal behaviors.

Essay about United States Army and Homosexuality Tolerance

United States Army and Homosexuality Tolerance Abstract This integrated portfolio project will explore the United States Army position on homosexuals within its confines. It will briefly define what homosexuality and its affect on the military environment. It will explore the problems it causes and why it is a cultural discomfort within the U.S. Armed Forces. Additionally, it will reveal different attitudes held within the services and divulge steps that are taken to deal with those attitudes. Finally, it will provide a synopsis of the probable future disposition of the homosexual in the military. US Army and the Homosexual propensity Introduction Indeed, the societal†¦show more content†¦(U.S Army, 1999) In 1993, Congress made a finding that any engagement, attempts to engage in or soliciting another to engage in homosexual acts is grounds for discharge from the military. It was decided those who have demonstrated a tendency to engage in homosexual acts creates an unacceptable risk to morale, good order and discipline, and unit cohesion. Therefore, the long-standing element of military law that prohibits homosexual conduct continues to be necessary in the unique circumstances of military service. It was at the discretion of Congress that applicants should not be asked about homosexuality as part of the processing of individuals entering into the Armed Forces, which were deemed by the Secretary of Defense that such questions are necessary. Applicants for military service are no longer asked about their sexual orientation. The Army policy became a balance of the legal prohibition of homosexual conduct while maintaining the privacy rights of soldiers. The issue of gays in the military has been a hot political issue ever since the beginning of Dont Ask, Dont Tell. 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Learning Organization Journal of Business Communication

Question: Discuss about theLearning Organizationfor Journal of Business Communication. Answer: Introduction In this article, the author highlights the importance of upholding and availing rules and guidelines that would make management easier. He also highlights the actions that can be implemented with the aim of assisting in the development of a learning organization. The essay aims at finding answers to critical questions normally raised by managers. This entails defining an organization by outlining benefits of the environment and possible actions to be carried out to in order to present the environment as an arena for learning in addition to the achievement of other organizational goals (Barker and Camarata, 2008). The authors main area of focus is on the level to which an organization may establish an appropriate environment for growth and development of then workers through a careful management of the various organizational tranistions. Objectives A learning organization is one equipped with acquisition, creation and transfer of knowledge in addition to the ability to modify behavior to improve the effectiveness of workers towards the achievement of goals. The author had the following objectives: To develop and depict an organization as a type of a learning environment. This aids in focusing on some of the details on building a successful learning organization. This aspect depicts an organization as a learning environment. To identify the various management approaches used by organizations, this singles them out from other organizations. Research indicates that the success of an organization is largely tied on the effectiveness with which the human resource is managed To identify and discuss supportive organizational designs needed for proper organizational performance. This approach involves describing the effective elements which curve out an organization as a learning environment. To identify and discuss key competencies of employees. These abilities form the basis of an organizations performance and ability to achieve goals. Approach These are philosophical axioms or correlative assumptions used to develop the theme of an article. It is simply a way of dealing with something. Dr. Swee C. Goh has used an approach of asking and answering questions. By asking what a learning organization is, he defines his starting point and the goals if the essay. A second approach used is by asking whether the goals intended to be achieved by the organization are long term or short term (Bernhard, 2008). Being a long-term result oriented, the company develops a competitive edge as time goes by and therefore needs consistency in the management approaches, effort as well as commitment. The other approach is reviewing a set of published articles and books in the learning organization. In his approach of trying to answer questions, companies like Motorola, Honda, Sony and Nortel among others were used as cites to confirm that organizations maximize their competitive levels during good financial periods and carefully manage them when the organization is experiencing challenges. This makes them to be highly envied by their competitors. Summary of Methodology This is the practical aspect of gathering information and finding solutions. The findings from the article reveal the fact that the author used various methodological approaches in obtaining, analysis and interpreting data. First the author used survey which involved studying of sample companies. The research used Motorola, shell, xerox, was mart, British petroleum, Honda, Nortel and analog devices. The information from the cited companies was used to answer tactical questions and draw effective conclusions. The second approach involved review of relevant literature. In order to address the research question, the author performed a literature review of various books and articles comprising research which handled the aspect of organizational learning. By analyzing books of different researchers like David Garvin, Senge, Mohrman, and Kiernan on the same issue, a well detailed conclusion was drawn (Carliss, 2000). The third approach was the use of direct interviews. He conducted interviews with the senior managers and engaged them into detailed discussions to gather information. This was effective as he was able to gather the first hand information and see for himself from the ground. There was also the use of questionnaires and direct interaction with the employees. Focusing on the employees and getting feedback from them was paramount on his findings. According to my understanding, he could have given the questionnaires to the employees and analyzed the feedback he got from them or he could engage them in one in one discussions. Essential Conclusions From his findings, he concluded that organizational learning is a possible process hence those who learn more tend to succeed more in their endeavors (Cohen, 2008). In order to enhance the learning environment, the managers may be required to set up specific approaches and conditions. This may involve management of human resource through transfer of knowledge as well as an adequate sharing of the key organizational goals with the employees. Such approaches improve learning in an organization (Cohen and Sproull, 2009). To enhance learning, an organization needs to identify and uphold the internal drivers. Five core strategic building blocks can be argued from this review as was concluded by majority of the writers and researchers. Although they are represented as different entities, the building blocks are interdependent and mutually support one another. First of all, the organizational mission as well as its vision ought to be as clear as possible. The employees are therefore required to not only uphold the values and strategies but also support them (Easterby-Smith, Crossan and Nicolini, 2000). This strategy building block ensures that the employees extend themselves to take responsibilities and apply their special talents A good organizational structure would ensure that the day to day activities are properly aligned to the key goals and objectives of the organization. The second aspect involves sharing of leadership. This approach empowers the employees and enhances the establishment of a good culture. The employees are motivated to take risk and be in a position to deal with the uncertainties associated with business operation (Huber, 2009). This needs managers to be seen as coaches not controllers. When leadership is shared, the aspect of rank does not particularly affect operations. Through this approach, the leaders are required to offer the employees adequate information to aid in the identification of opportunities (Papa, Daniels and Spiker, 2008). Leaders should accept criticism willingly without taking any offense. Dr. Goh concluded that leadership should involve employees in decision making. This is seen in the Motel Company which frequently trains and organizes workshops for the employees. The managers also participated fully in these workshops, interact freely with the employees and solicit ideas and inputs from them. The third aspect involves encouraging the employees to experiment and identify viable approaches (Schwandt and Marquardt, 2000). The approach requires an evaluation of the current affairs and identifying the areas in need of adjustments. Managers ought to consistently encourage the employees to bring new ideas into their work in a bid to enhance performance. Consequently, there is need for a culture which supports and rewards experimentations. There is also the aspect of knowledge management. An organization can enhance learning through careful approaches in which knowledge is disseminated and transferred from one employee to another through appropriate platforms (Senge, 2004). This can be achieved through seminars, exhibitions and trainings where the employees interact and exchange knowledge and skills. Benchmarking processes as developed by Xerox are good examples of ways in which knowledge transfer is encouraged. The other aspect involves good team work as well as cooperation from employees. Unity and team work among workers is a key strategic building block. The workers are able to share their skills by collectively taking part in responsibilities. For instance in the Honda Company, employees are training on various areas hence can easily rotate their responsibilities which improves effectiveness. The five strategies discussed above require two major supportive foundations. To begin with, there is need for a proper organizational design. It ought to be clear and simple characterized with less but effective procedures. Research reveals that an organization with a good structure tends to uphold a good learning environment. (Wang and Ahmed, 2003). In addition, an organizational structure which places the employees close to the decision makers enhances motivation and the overall output. This is because the structure allows an easy management flow of information as well as procedures. In a nut shell, the foundational blocks discussed above would work effectively in a flat organizational structure with minimal hierarchical levels. In line with the aspect of competencies and skills of employees, research indicates that these abilities can be adequately harnessed through training and development (Kofman and Senge, 2009). Through training and appropriate opportunities, the employees are given a chance to not only show case their abilities but also improve on individual skills. Conclusion The author highlights the aspects discussed above as key factors which enhance learning in organizations. Their presence is vital in the implementation of the learning capabilities in an organization. The archetypes presented describe specific strategies and foundations building blocks and measurement required to develop an organization as a learning environment. Consequently, managers ought to take the right steps and implement effective approaches which would ensure that learning is enhanced within an organization as much as possible. With proper learning and improvement, an organization raises its competitiveness and hence general performance. References Barker, R. and Camarata, M. (2008) The role of communication in creating and maintaining a learning organization: preconditions, indicators, and disciplines, The Journal of Business Communication, 35 (4), pp. 443-467. Bernhard, H. (2008) Six lessons for the corporate classroom. Harvard Business Review, 66(5), pp. 12-56. Carliss Y. (2000) Design Rules: The Power of Modularity. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Cohen, M. (2008) Productivity and Efficiency in Human Service Organizations as related to Structure, size and Age. The Academy of Management Journal, 23(1), pp. 21--37. Cohen, M. and Sproull, L. (2009) Introduction: Special Issues on organizational learning. Organisation Science. 2(1), pp. 23-25. Easterby-Smith, M., Crossan, M., and Nicolini, D. (2000) Organizational learning: debates past, present and future. Journal of Management Studies. 37 (6), pp. 783-796. Huber, G. (2009) Organizational Learning: the contributing processes and the literatures. Organization Science. 1(2), pp. 88- 115. Papa, M., Daniels, T. and Spiker, B. (2008) Organizational Communication: Perspectives and Trends. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Schwandt, R. and Marquardt, J. (2000) Organizational Learning. Boca Raton: St. Lucie Press. Senge, P. (2004) The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook. New York: Currency Doubleday. Wang, C.L. and Ahmed, P. (2003) Organizational learning: a critical review. The learning organization, 10 (1), pp. 8-17 Kofman, F. and Senge, P. (2009) Communities of commitment: The heart of learning Organizations. Organizational Dynamics. 22 (2), pp. 5 23.

What Should I Write My Astronomy Essay On Example For Students

What Should I Write My Astronomy Essay On ASTRONOMYA New Black HoleScientific AmericanSeptember 13, 2000Evidence that the heavens house a previously unknown type of black hole was reported by scientists yesterday. Data from NASAs Chandra X-Ray Observatory revealed a hole was some 600 light-years from the center of the starburst galaxy M82. The brightness of the x-ray source indicates that this moon-size hole has the mass of at least 500 suns, making it intermediate between stellar black holes and the supermassive black holes found at the centers of galaxies. This opens a whole new field of research, said Martin Ward, a lead author on one of three papers to be published on the subject. No one was sure that such black holes existed, especially outside the centers of galaxies.Earlier data from the Roentgen Satellite and the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics had suggested that M82 might contain a large black hole outside its nucleus, but the Chandra results seal the deal. The new object might have resulted from t he collapse of a hyperstar or the growth of a smaller black hole through mergers with others nearby. Kate Wong SummaryA new unknown type of black hole was discovered on September 12, 2000. It was found to be 600 light-years of the Starburst Galaxy M82. An x-ray source indicates that the moon-size black hole has the mass of at least 500 suns, making it intermediate between stellar black holes and the supermassive black holes found at the center of galaxies (Scientific America, 1). Scientists were shocked at this discovery, for they didnt know that these types of black holes existed. Scientists believe this black hole may have been due to a collapsed hyperstar or the growth of a smaller black hole through mergers with others nearby. We will write a custom essay on What Should I Write My Astronomy On specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now ReactionI find this so very fascinating because I can not even fathom how space and galaxies exist. With newer and faster technology, come new discoveries, and I think its great that we have the chance to explore a whole new frontier unlike the one we live on. I am in awe of what is possible today through the means of such a technologically advanced society. To know that people are able to leave our earth completely, in search of bigger and better things, utterly blows my mind. The FutureThrough our discoveries we uncover more and are able to advance due to the information that we accumulate. Our work and discoveries lead to new inventions, which in turn change our lifestyle. Scientists are looking toward the future thinking that some day, we may be able to live in space on another planet, and theyre most likely correct. Technology has come so far, and it will continue to advance, as long as there are people on this earth. CurriculumOur school has an astronomy/space type course, however it could be so much stronger. Considering how 0much information there is to discuss about the planets and galaxies, as well as the discoveries that occur everyday, our course could easily be one of our finest. I believe that a class like this could be very popular and interesting due to the constant evolution of technology. Also if enough money was raised, maybe a planetarium could be built for further research and learning. It is unlikely that this could happen in this scho ol district, however it is an idea that would surely benefit those who enjoy astronomy.